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Africana College of Professionals Home of Quality Education

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What Are Learning Difficulties? A Parent’s Guide to Symptoms and Support

Learning difficulties, sometimes referred to as learning disabilities, are neurological conditions that impact how a child receives, processes, stores, or communicates information. Importantly, these difficulties are not linked to intelligence—many children with learning difficulties have average or above-average IQs.

Common Types of Learning Difficulties

  • Dyslexia – Difficulty with reading, spelling, and writing.

  • Dyscalculia – Struggles with understanding numbers and mathematical concepts.

  • Dysgraphia – Trouble with handwriting, spelling, and organizing written thoughts.

  • Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) – Difficulty processing and interpreting sounds.

  • Visual Processing Disorder – Challenges in interpreting visual information such as letters, shapes, and spatial orientation.

  • ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) – While not a learning difficulty itself, ADHD often overlaps and affects focus, organization, and the ability to complete academic tasks.

Common Signs of Learning Difficulties in Children

  • Delayed speech and language development

  • Problems with reading, writing, or spelling

  • Difficulty understanding math concepts

  • Poor memory and attention span

  • Trouble following instructions

  • Disorganization and poor time management

  • Avoidance of schoolwork or learning tasks

These symptoms may vary in severity and appear differently depending on the child’s age and environment.

Causes of Learning Challenges

  • Genetics – A family history of learning disabilities.

  • Prenatal/Neonatal Factors – Exposure to alcohol, drugs, or toxins in utero; premature birth; or low birth weight.

  • Neurological Differences – Differences in brain structure or function.

  • Environmental Factors – Poor early childhood stimulation, malnutrition, or trauma.

Supporting such Children

Children with learning difficulties often face emotional and social challenges, such as frustration, low self-esteem, or isolation. Support strategies include:

  • Early intervention and assessment

  • Individualized education plans (IEPs)

  • Educational therapy or specialized tutoring

  • Parental support and involvement

  • Counseling and peer support groups

A holistic approach that addresses both academic and emotional needs is crucial for helping these children thrive.

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Allan
Allan
4 months ago

Article is very informative

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